Compare Brunei (2004) - Arctic Ocean (2005)

Compare Brunei (2004) z Arctic Ocean (2005)

	Brunei (2004)	Arctic Ocean (2005)

Administrative divisions	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 29.1% (male 54,243; female 52,013) 15-64 years: 68% (male 131,682; female 116,631) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 5,035; female 5,647) (2004 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo	-
Airports	2 (2003 est.)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km	total: 14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Delaware	slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background	The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world.	The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate	19.33 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)	-
Capital	Bandar Seri Begawan	-
Climate	tropical; hot, humid, rainy	polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline	161 km	45,389 km
Constitution	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)	-
Country name	conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei	-
Currency	Bruneian dollar (BND)	-
Death rate	3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Debt - external	$0	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560	-
Disputes - international	in 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their offshore and deepwater seabeds until negotiations progress to an agreement over allocation of disputed areas; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants	some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient	$4.3 million (1995)	-
Economy - overview	This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.	Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption	2.322 billion kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	2.497 billion kWh (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m	lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia	endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Environment - international agreements	party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%	-
Exchange rates	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000), 1.695 (1999)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary	-
Exports	NA (2001)	-
Exports - commodities	crude oil, natural gas, refined products	-
Exports - partners	Japan 41%, South Korea 11.2%, Thailand 9.4%, Australia 8.4%, US 7.8%, China 6.7%, Singapore 4.5% (2003)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands	-
GDP	purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	3% (2002 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	4 30 N, 114 40 E	90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia	major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Heliports	3 (2003 est.)	-
Highways	total: 2,525 km paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	-
Illicit drugs	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty	-
Imports	NA (2001)	-
Imports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals	-
Imports - partners	Singapore 19.9%, Malaysia 19.8%, US 11.4%, Japan 9.9%, Hong Kong 6.5%, China 4.8%, Australia 4.3%, Thailand 4% (2003)	-
Independence	1 January 1984 (from UK)	-
Industrial production growth rate	5% (2002 est.)	-
Industries	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 13.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-2% (2002 est.)	-
International organization participation	APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	-
Irrigated land	10 sq km (1998 est.)	-
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)	-
Labor force	143,400 note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, government 48% (1999 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km	-
Land use	arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (2001)	-
Languages	Malay (official), English, Chinese	-
Legal system	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas	-
Legislative branch	Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members elections: last held in March 1962; date of next election NA	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 74.54 years male: 72.13 years female: 77.09 years (2004 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.9% male: 96.3% female: 91.4% (2002)	-
Location	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia	body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references	Southeast Asia	Arctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line	-
Merchant marine	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT by type: liquefied gas 8 foreign-owned: United Kingdom 8 (2004 est.)	-
Military branches	Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$339.5 million (2003)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	5.9% (2003)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 112,630 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: approx. 60,000 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 3,425 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection	-
Nationality	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian	-
Natural hazards	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare	ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, timber	sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate	3.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Pipelines	gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	365,251 (July 2004 est.)	-
Population below poverty line	NA (1992 est.)	-
Population growth rate	1.95% (2004 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong	Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)	-
Religions	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	-
Suffrage	none	-
Telephone system	general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US domestic: every service available international: country code - 673; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	90,000 (2002)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	137,000 (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	2 (1997)	-
Terrain	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west	central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate	2.33 children born/woman (2004 est.)	-
Transportation - note	-	sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate	10% (2001 est.)	-
Waterways	209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004)	-

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